White grape

Trebbiano (Ugni Blanc)

Synonyms — Ugni Blanc, Trebbiano Toscano, Saint-Émilion, Procanico

Parentage — An old Italian family spread across the peninsula by Rome and the medieval Church

  • lemon
  • green apple
  • hawthorn blossom
  • hay
Budbreak
Late — a safe cropper
Maturity
Late; keeps its acidity even when ripe
Leaf
Large, pentagonal, five lobes; bright green and slightly bullate
Bunch
Large, long, winged and loose
Berry
Medium, spherical, greenish-gold; tough skin, juicy and acid

Two grapes wear one name across a border. In central Italy, Trebbiano Toscano is a high-yielding, neutral white folded into oceans of everyday wine and into the base of Vin Santo; carried to France as Ugni Blanc, the very same variety became the most planted white grape of the country — not for the table but for the still. Its thin, searingly acid juice is the ideal raw material for distillation.

That double life makes it one of the most widely grown white grapes on earth while remaining almost invisible on a wine list. Trebbiano is the workhorse behind Cognac and Armagnac, the neutral spine of many an Italian blend, and a reminder that a grape's importance is not always measured in fame.

In the blend

Share of this grape in a typical blend of each wine

15%

Where it grows

Share of the region's vineyard planted with this grape

Through time

Indicative presence index, 0–100Origins & Antiquity — 25The Monastic Middle Ages — 45Exploration & the Fortified Age — 45Classifications & the Golden Age — 50Phylloxera & the World Crises — 60The Modern & New World Era — 85Antiquity25500150017001875195085