White grape

Chenin Blanc

Synonyms — Pineau de la Loire, Steen, Gros Pineau

Parentage — An offspring of Savagnin

  • quince
  • honey
  • chamomile
  • baked apple
  • wet wool
Budbreak
Early — frost-prone on the Loire
Maturity
Second epoch; hangs long into autumn for the sweet pickings
Leaf
Medium, orbicular, five-lobed, bullate; deep green
Bunch
Medium, conical, winged, compact
Berry
Medium, ovoid, green-gold turning amber; thin skin, prone to botrytis

Few grapes have deeper roots along a single river. Chenin Blanc — an offspring of Savagnin — has been on the Loire at least since the ninth century, when records of the abbey of Glanfeuil in Anjou mention its vines; Rabelais names it in the sixteenth. Its signature is an electric acidity that time cannot dull.

That acidity lets one grape run the whole register: bone-dry Savennières, honeyed demi-sec, the botrytized moelleux of Vouvray and the Layon, and sparkling fines bulles — quince, honey and chamomile threading through all of them. It reached the Cape of Good Hope with the Dutch in 1655 under the name Steen, and South Africa, not France, is today the variety's largest home.

In the blend

Share of this grape in a typical blend of each wine

Where it grows

Share of the region's vineyard planted with this grape

Family

Documented parentage — the nearer the ring, the closer the kinship

Chenin BlancChenin BlancSavagninSavagninGewürztraminerGewürztraminerGrüner VeltlinerGrüner VeltlinerSilvanerSilvanerSt. Georgener-RebeSt. Georgener-RebeÖsterreichisch WeissÖsterreichisch Weiss
Dashed ties are mutations (the same variety, not a cross). Grey nodes are forebears without an article of their own.

Through time

Indicative presence index, 0–100Origins & Antiquity — 0The Monastic Middle Ages — 30Exploration & the Fortified Age — 35Classifications & the Golden Age — 40Phylloxera & the World Crises — 30The Modern & New World Era — 45Antiquity0500150017001875195045